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PRONE INSTABILITY TEST (PIT) FOR RADIOLOGICAL LUMBAR "INSTABILITY": Fritz et al. (2005) have evaluated the PIT regarding its validity and reliability in comparison with the "gold standard" of radiological lumbar "instability" and found a good reliability of 0.69 (kappa), but a low sensitivity of 61% and a low specificity of 57% (calculated). Be aware thought that radiological findings often don't correlate well with clinical findings. So while this test is not validated for radiological lumbar "

Prone Instability Test for Hip Microinstability Hip microinstability is a relatively new clinical entity of hip pathology in the young patient. Normal hip stability, as with other joints such as the shoulder, depends on the relationship between bony structures, muscles and ligaments. In the hip joint that would be the acetabulum, its’ labrum, the ligamentum teres, the capsuloligamentous complex and various muscles around the joint. While a direct cause for hip microinstability may not always be