The United States and Canada are both modernizing their spatial reference systems. The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is updating the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) for the US, while Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) is leading a parallel effort to update the Canadian Spatial Reference System (CSRS). The NSRS and CSRS are fundamental frameworks defining geodetic coordinates (latitude, longitude and height). Modernization efforts aim to improve the accuracy and efficiency of spatial data