Abstract: This article presents the design of the fractional order PID controller by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for controlling an arc welding machine supplied via a ...

Abstract: This work presents a simulation-based study of a multi-axis PID control system designed to stabilize a hexadrone. The control architecture uses separate PID controllers for pitch, roll, yaw, ...

During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...