Dealing with categorical data is an essential part of data preprocessing in many machine learning tasks. Fortunately, encoding categorical data efficiently helps enhance the performance of machine ...

Information is encoded in the brain by populations or clusters of cells, rather than by single cells. This encoding strategy is known as population coding. Here we review the standard use of ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Neural encoding is the study of how neurons represent information with electrical activity (action potentials) at the level of individual cells or in networks of neurons. Studies of neural encoding ...

Indicator species are living organisms that tell us that something has changed or is going to change in their environment. They can be easily observed, and studying them is considered a cost-effective ...

The Presidential Medal of Freedom that was posthumously awarded to Fannie Lou Hamer is officially available for public viewing. The award, granted to the late civil and women's rights activist in ...

Empty calories provide little to no nutrition and often come from ultra-processed foods high in added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium. A diet high in empty-calorie foods may raise your risk of ...