The equal sign is the bedrock of mathematics. It seems to make an entirely fundamental and uncontroversial statement: These things are exactly the same. But there is ...

Mathematical logic, set theory, lattices and universal algebra form an interconnected framework that underpins much of modern mathematics. At its heart, mathematical logic provides rigorous formal ...

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Set theory is a mathematical abstract concerned with the grouping of sets of numbers that have commonality. For example, all even numbers make up a set, and all odd numbers comprise a set. All numbers ...