For more than 40 years, ICT (in-circuit test) has been instrumental in identifying process defects on countless varieties of populated PCB (printed-circuit board) assemblies. An in-circuit tester ...

In an earlier article, I covered Fire Hazard Tests that form an important part of safety testing for electronic/electrical products. We looked at the standards and equipment used for abnormal heat, ...

Although Low Voltage Directive (LVD) safety testing is perceived as much simpler than EMC or environmental testing, it should not be ignored during CE certification. If a product is unsafe, it can ...

Despite the widespread availability and use of low-power components, today’s printed circuit boards (PCBs) can require a significant amount of current, with boards drawing 50, 100, and even 200 A in ...

Beeping continuity testers have been around for a long time, but for PCB reverse engineering purposes they leave a lot to be desired. They respond to a “short circuit” of several ohms whereas one ...