While choosing an op-amp buffer, some sources of negative supply were considered, because the buffer op-amp had to provide true zero voltage on its output. In reality, a typical rail-to-rail output op ...

Using modulated rectangular waves of different time periods, the circuit presented here produces ringing tones similar to those produced by a telephone. The circuit requires four astable ...

My teacher friend was looking for Christmassy technology ideas for a science + engineering club. And I said that flashing leds might be good, and if you can get three phases going, you can have a ...