Formal methods offer a mathematically rigorous framework for the specification, development and verification of programming languages and software systems. By leveraging techniques such as theorem ...

Formal methods are a suite of mathematically grounded techniques that underpin the design, specification, and verification of programming languages and software systems. They involve the use of ...

In part one of this series, we looked at the PLC’s internal architecture, briefly discussed Ladder Logic programming, Human-Machine Interfaces, advantages of the PLC’s ability to react consistently ...