Cryptography is a must-know skill in 2026, powering everything from online payments to data privacy.The right books can simplify complex co ...

Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

Update: On 18 April, Yilei Chen announced an issue with his algorithm which he does not know how to fix. This means the algorithm does not undermine the mathematics behind post-quantum cryptography.

This article seeks to provide a practical understanding of the risks posed by quantum computing on modern day encryption standards. In assessing those risks, companies and individuals should consider ...

Every time you pay online, your data is protected by a maths problem nobody has proved is unbreakable. Here is what that ...