Modern civilization depends on the transport of liquid and gases in systems of pipes, just as humans depend on the transport of blood through arteries and veins 1. As fluids move through pipes, they ...

Pipe-flow turbulence is a problem in the transport of oil, water and other fluids, and once established, it is persistent and costly. Turbulent fluids consume greater pumping energy and can cause ...

Fluids play a crucial role in industrial processes like cooling, heating, and mixing. Traditionally, most industries would utilize Newtonian fluids—which have a constant viscosity—for such processes.

Flow meters are used to measure the rate of flow of liquids or gases, just like electric meters measure the amount of electricity consumed. However, unlike electric meters, which are either ...

Figure 1. A faulty flame disperser may cause the coils adjacent to the flame to absorb more heat energy than optimally designed. February 15, 2022 Heat transfer fluids are often taken for granted, ...