Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the ...

The Dow Jones Industrial Average broke a 13-day winning streak Thursday, the likes of which were last seen in 1987. As momentous as the rally was, these types of winning streaks aren’t terribly ...

A coin flip is considered by many to be the perfect 50/50 random event, even though — being an event subject to Newtonian physics — the results are in fact anything but random. But that’s okay, ...

Flip a coin. Heads? Take a step to the left. Tails? Take a step to the right. In the quantum world? Go in both directions at once, like a wave spreading out. Called the walker analogy, this random ...